Sunday, April 22, 2012

SWISS APPLE STEMCELL

Selepas Menggunakan Stem Cell Apple Kedut Kian Hilang

 SEL STEM EPAL SWISS

APAKAH STEM  SEL EPAL SWISS?

Kepentingan Buah epal dalam tradisi Barat. 

Dalam kitab taurat kisah Nabi adam di usir kerana melanggar larangan memakan buah khuldi.Tetapi dalam kitab Injil di Negara2 Barat di ubah menjadi epal.Ini disebabkan keyakinan kepentingan buah epal kepada tradisi kuno barat.Malah perpatah Inggeris menyatakan "one apple a day keeps doctor away".Dengan memakan sebiji epal setiap hari kita tidak payah jumpa doktor kerana sihat.

Menurut tradisi ahli kitab barat,  Hawa memakan  epal (khuldi) kemudian memujuk Adam memakan buah terlarang dan  dilucutkan hak tinggal di  Syurga ... beliau tertarik dengan rasa yang lazat atau dia sudah tahu sifat-sifat  menakjubkan  buah ini yang mampu mengekalkan keremajaan sesaorang?
PhytoCellTec Malus Domestica memenangi anugerah penyediaan liposomal dipatenkan, jadi yang mengandungi buih kecil yang dibuat daripada bahan yang sama seperti membran sel, berdasarkan sel-sel stem epal Switzerland jarang dipanggil Uttwiler Spätlauber yang berasal dari peringkat anak benih yang ditanam di tengah-tengah the18th abad.Uttwiler Spätlauber pelbagai epal terancam yang terkenal kerana kebolehan yang disimpan untuk tempoh yang lama tanpa mengecut dan dengan itu berpotensi panjang umur .

 Epal kaya dengan fitonutrien, protein dan sel-sel lama hidup. Satu teknologi baru kini telah dibangunkan membolehkan penanaman spesies yang jarang ditemui dan terancam seperti Uttwiler Spätlauber. Terima kasih kepada teknologi ini, sel stem tumbuhan yang boleh diperolehi dan dimasukkan ke dalam produk penjagaan kulit untuk meningkatkan panjang umur sel-sel kulit. Bukan sahaja ia melindungi sel stem kulit sendiri tetapi telah dibuktikan mempunyai sifat-sifat baik umur melengahkan dan anti-kedut, dan kini merupakan salah satu bahan yang paling perintis dan menarik dalam penjagaan kulit.

SAINS DI SEBALIK Sel stem dan Umur Panjang
Umur panjang yang berkaitan dengan sel-sel tertentu yang dipanggil sel stem yang mempunyai ciri-ciri pertumbuhan yang unik. Sel-sel ini boleh membuat salinan yang serupa diri mereka sendiri serta membezakan (dalam erti kata lain, perpecahan) untuk menjadi berasingan, sel-sel khusus. Dua jenis asas sel stem hadir di dalam tubuh manusia:
Sel stem embrionik yang dijumpai dalam blastocysts (struktur yang ditemui di peringkat pra-embrio manusia) boleh berkembang dan membezakan menjadi salah satu daripada lebih daripada 220 jenis sel yang berlainan yang membentuk tubuh manusia;
Sel stem dewasa yang terletak di beberapa tisu dewasa hanya dapat membezakan kepada jenis sel sendiri atau berkaitan. Sel-sel ini bertindak sebagai sistem pembaikan untuk badan tetapi juga mengekalkan perolehan normal organ regeneratif seperti darah, kulit atau tisu usus.
Penyelidikan pada Sel Stem dan Aplikasi
Pada masa ini dalam bidang perubatan, sel stem dewasa telah digunakan terutamanya dalam perubatan pemindahan untuk merawat leukemia dan terbakar teruk. Dalam bidang kosmetik, para saintis menumpukan penyelidikan mereka pada sel-sel stem dewasa yang terletak di dalam kulit. Mereka mengkaji potensi jenis ini sel-sel, fungsi dan penuaan. Kajian ini membantu kita memahami bagaimana untuk melindungi sel stem kulit.

                                             Sel Stem Manusia kian berkurangan dengan ketara bermula pada usia 30 tahun
Kulit Mula kedut apabila tidak ada pembahruan kulit yang mencukupi sebab sel stem dah berkurangan

SWISS APPLE STEM CELLS

WHAT ARE SWISS APPLE STEM CELLS?

According to the Bible, Adam bit into an apple (coaxed on by us femme fatales) and deprived Earth of Heaven...was he attracted by the delicious taste or did he already know of the amazing youth-boosting properties of this fruit?
PhytoCellTec Malus Domestica is an award-winning patented liposomal preparation, so containing tiny bubbles made out of the same material as cell membranes, based on the stem cells of a rare Swiss apple called Uttwiler Spätlauber that derives from a seedling planted in the middle of the18th century. Uttwiler Spätlauber is an endangered apple variety that is well-known for its ability to be stored for long periods without shrivelling and thus its longevity potential. The apples are rich in phytonutrients, proteins and long-living cells. A novel technology has now been developed enabling the cultivation of rare and endangered species like Uttwiler Spätlauber. Thanks to this technology, plant stem cells can be obtained and incorporated into skin care products to enhance the longevity of skin cells. Not only does it protect the skin’s own stem cells but has been shown to have excellent age-delaying and anti-wrinkle properties, and is currently one of the most pioneering and exciting ingredients in skin care.

THE SCIENCE BEHIND STEM CELLS

Stem Cells and Longevity            
Longevity is related to specific cells called stem cells which have a unique growth characteristic. These cells can make identical copies of themselves as well as differentiate (in other words, split) to become separate, specialised cells. Two basic types of stem cells are present in the human body:
Embryonic stem cells found in blastocysts (structures found in the human pre-embryonic stage) can grow and differentiate into one of the more than 220 different cell types which make up the human body;
Adult stem cells located in some adult tissues can only differentiate into their own or related cell types. These cells act as a repair system for the body but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs such as blood, skin or intestinal tissues.
Research on Stem Cells and Applications
Currently in medicine, adult stem cells are already used particularly in transplant medicine to treat leukemia and severe burns. In the cosmetic field, scientists are focusing their research on adult stem cells located in the skin. They are studying the potential of this type of cells, their functioning and aging. This research is helping us understand how to protect skin stem cells.
Stem Cells in the Human Skin
In the human skin, two types of adult stem cells have been identified:
  • Epithelial skin stem cells which are located in the basal layer of the epidermis.
  • Hair bulge stem cells located in the hair follicle.
Epidermal or skin stem cells replenish and maintain the balance of cells within the skin tissue and regenerate tissue damages during injury. But with age, the number of skin stem cells decreases and their ability to repair the skin becomes less efficient.
Plant Stem Cells to Protect Skin Stem Cells
In contrast to human, plant cells are totipotent, meaning that every cell has the ability to regenerate new organs (leaves, flower, seed…) or even the whole plant. Besides, all plant cells can differentiate and become a stem cell. All stem cells, independently of their origin (plant, animal or human) contain specific epigenetic factors whose function is to maintain the self-renewal capacity of stem cells. 

WHAT DO SWISS APPLE STEM CELLS DO?

ANTI-WRINKLE EFFECT ON CROWS FEET

The anti-wrinkle effect of Malus Domestica was evaluated in a study with 20 volunteers aged from 37 to 64. An emulsion containing 2 % of PhytoCellTec™ Malus Domestica was applied twice daily for 28 days to the crow’s feet. Wrinkle depth was determined by means of PRIMOS (phase-shifting rapid in vivo measurement of skin). Results showed a significant and visible decrease in wrinkle depth for 100 % of the subjects.
DEPTH OF WRINKLES USING 2.5% APPLE STEM CELL EMULSION
DAY 0
Posted by at No comments:

RAHSIA KEKAL MUDA : STEM CELL

Bermula Dari Cell Oocyte 
Hasil dari persenyawaan sperma jantan dan telur wanita

Muda dan Cantik...............Rahsia pada jumlah bilangan stemcell

l
                                   

                                    Stemcell Berkurangan         Stemcell Masih Banyak

                                  Namun Stemcell Manusia Kian Menurun Bilangan dan Jangka Hayat Ketara pada
                                  Umur 30 Tahun dan Merosot Teruk Pada 40 tahun keatas,mula menopouse dan sakit.

Kajian Mengenai Stem Cells

•2001: Scientists at Advanced Cell Technology clone first early (four- to six-cell stage) human embryos for the purpose of generating embryonic stem cells.[60]
•2003: Dr. Songtao Shi of NIH discovers new source of adult stem cells in children's primary teeth.[61]
•2004–2005: Korean researcher Hwang Woo-Suk claims to have created several human embryonic stem cell lines from unfertilised human oocytes. The lines were later shown to be fabricated.
•2005: Researchers at Kingston University in England claim to have discovered a third category of stem cell, dubbed cord-blood-derived embryonic-like stem cells (CBEs), derived from umbilical cord blood. The group claims these cells are able to differentiate into more types of tissue than adult stem cells.
•2005: Researchers at UC Irvine's Reeve-Irvine Research Center are able to partially restore the ability of rats with paralyzed spines to walk through the injection of human neural stem cells.[62]
•August 2006: Mouse Induced pluripotent stem cells: the journal Cell publishes Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka.[63]
•October 2006: Scientists at Newcastle University in England create the first ever artificial liver cells using umbilical cord blood stem cells.[64][65]
•January 2007: Scientists at Wake Forest University led by Dr. Anthony Atala and Harvard University report discovery of a new type of stem cell in amniotic fluid.[66] This may potentially provide an alternative to embryonic stem cells for use in research and therapy.[67]
•June 2007: Research reported by three different groups shows that normal skin cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic state in mice.[68] In the same month, scientist Shoukhrat Mitalipov reports the first successful creation of a primate stem cell line through somatic cell nuclear transfer[69]
•Martin Evans, a co-winner of the Nobel Prize in recognition of his gene targeting work.
•October 2007: Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies win the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their work on embryonic stem cells from mice using gene targeting strategies producing genetically engineered mice (known asknockout mice) for gene research.[70]
•November 2007: Human induced pluripotent stem cells: Two similar papers released by their respective journals prior to formal publication: in Cell by Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka, "Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors",[71] and in Science by Junying Yu, et al., from the research group of James Thomson, "Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells":[72] pluripotent stem cells generated from mature human fibroblasts. It is possible now to produce a stem cell from almost any other human cell instead of using embryos as needed previously, albeit the risk of tumorigenesis due to c-myc and retroviral gene transfer remains to be determined.
•January 2008: Robert Lanza and colleagues at Advanced Cell Technology and UCSF create the first human embryonic stem cells without destruction of the embryo[73]
•January 2008: Development of human cloned blastocysts following somatic cell nuclear transfer with adult fibroblasts[74]
•February 2008: Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse liver and stomach: these iPS cells seem to be more similar to embryonic stem cells than the previously developed iPS cells and not tumorigenic, moreover genes that are required for iPS cells do not need to be inserted into specific sites, which encourages the development of non-viral reprogramming techniques.[75]
•March 2008-The first published study of successful cartilage regeneration in the human knee using autologous adult mesenchymal stem cells is published by clinicians from Regenerative Sciences[76]
•October 2008: Sabine Conrad and colleagues at Tübingen, Germany generate pluripotent stem cells from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis by culturing the cells in vitro under leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) supplementation.[77]
•30 October 2008: Embryonic-like stem cells from a single human hair.[78]
•1 March 2009: Andras Nagy, Keisuke Kaji, et al. discover a way to produce embryonic-like stem cells from normal adult cells by using a novel "wrapping" procedure to deliver specific genes to adult cells to reprogram them into stem cells without the risks of using a virus to make the change.[79][80][81] The use ofelectroporation is said to allow for the temporary insertion of genes into the cell.[82][83][84][85]
•28 May 2009 Kim et al. announced that they had devised a way to manipulate skin cells to create patient specific "induced pluripotent stem cells" (iPS), claiming it to be the 'ultimate stem cell solution'.[86]
•11 October 2010 First trial of embryonic stem cells in humans.[87]
•25 October 2010: Ishikawa et al. write in the Journal of Experimental Medicine that research shows that transplanted cells that contain their new host's nuclear DNA could still be rejected by the invidual's immune system due to foreign mitochondrial DNA. Tissues made from a person's stem cells could therefore be rejected, because mitochondrial genomes tend to accumulate mutations.[88]
•2011: Israeli scientist Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun led a team which produced the first stem cells from endangered species, a breakthrough that could save animals in danger of extinction.[89] •2001: Scientists at Advanced Cell Technology clone first early (four- to six-cell stage) human embryos for the purpose of generating embryonic stem cells.[60]
•2003: Dr. Songtao Shi of NIH discovers new source of adult stem cells in children's primary teeth.[61]
•2004–2005: Korean researcher Hwang Woo-Suk claims to have created several human embryonic stem cell lines from unfertilised human oocytes. The lines were later shown to be fabricated.
•2005: Researchers at Kingston University in England claim to have discovered a third category of stem cell, dubbed cord-blood-derived embryonic-like stem cells (CBEs), derived from umbilical cord blood. The group claims these cells are able to differentiate into more types of tissue than adult stem cells.
•2005: Researchers at UC Irvine's Reeve-Irvine Research Center are able to partially restore the ability of rats with paralyzed spines to walk through the injection of human neural stem cells.[62]
•August 2006: Mouse Induced pluripotent stem cells: the journal Cell publishes Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka.[63]
•October 2006: Scientists at Newcastle University in England create the first ever artificial liver cells using umbilical cord blood stem cells.[64][65]
•January 2007: Scientists at Wake Forest University led by Dr. Anthony Atala and Harvard University report discovery of a new type of stem cell in amniotic fluid.[66] This may potentially provide an alternative to embryonic stem cells for use in research and therapy.[67]
•June 2007: Research reported by three different groups shows that normal skin cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic state in mice.[68] In the same month, scientist Shoukhrat Mitalipov reports the first successful creation of a primate stem cell line through somatic cell nuclear transfer[69]
•Martin Evans, a co-winner of the Nobel Prize in recognition of his gene targeting work.
•October 2007: Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies win the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their work on embryonic stem cells from mice using gene targeting strategies producing genetically engineered mice (known asknockout mice) for gene research.[70]
•November 2007: Human induced pluripotent stem cells: Two similar papers released by their respective journals prior to formal publication: in Cell by Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka, "Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors",[71] and in Science by Junying Yu, et al., from the research group of James Thomson, "Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells":[72] pluripotent stem cells generated from mature human fibroblasts. It is possible now to produce a stem cell from almost any other human cell instead of using embryos as needed previously, albeit the risk of tumorigenesis due to c-myc and retroviral gene transfer remains to be determined.
•January 2008: Robert Lanza and colleagues at Advanced Cell Technology and UCSF create the first human embryonic stem cells without destruction of the embryo[73]
•January 2008: Development of human cloned blastocysts following somatic cell nuclear transfer with adult fibroblasts[74]
•February 2008: Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse liver and stomach: these iPS cells seem to be more similar to embryonic stem cells than the previously developed iPS cells and not tumorigenic, moreover genes that are required for iPS cells do not need to be inserted into specific sites, which encourages the development of non-viral reprogramming techniques.[75]
•March 2008-The first published study of successful cartilage regeneration in the human knee using autologous adult mesenchymal stem cells is published by clinicians from Regenerative Sciences[76]
•October 2008: Sabine Conrad and colleagues at Tübingen, Germany generate pluripotent stem cells from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis by culturing the cells in vitro under leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) supplementation.[77]
•30 October 2008: Embryonic-like stem cells from a single human hair.[78]
•1 March 2009: Andras Nagy, Keisuke Kaji, et al. discover a way to produce embryonic-like stem cells from normal adult cells by using a novel "wrapping" procedure to deliver specific genes to adult cells to reprogram them into stem cells without the risks of using a virus to make the change.[79][80][81] The use ofelectroporation is said to allow for the temporary insertion of genes into the cell.[82][83][84][85]
•28 May 2009 Kim et al. announced that they had devised a way to manipulate skin cells to create patient specific "induced pluripotent stem cells" (iPS), claiming it to be the 'ultimate stem cell solution'.[86]
•11 October 2010 First trial of embryonic stem cells in humans.[87]
•25 October 2010: Ishikawa et al. write in the Journal of Experimental Medicine that research shows that transplanted cells that contain their new host's nuclear DNA could still be rejected by the invidual's immune system due to foreign mitochondrial DNA. Tissues made from a person's stem cells could therefore be rejected, because mitochondrial genomes tend to accumulate mutations.[88]
•2011: Israeli scientist Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun led a team which produced the first stem cells from endangered species, a breakthrough that could save animals in danger of extinction.[89]
• •2001: Scientists at Advanced Cell Technology clone first early (four- to six-cell stage) human embryos for the purpose of generating embryonic stem cells.[60]
•2003: Dr. Songtao Shi of NIH discovers new source of adult stem cells in children's primary teeth.[61]
•2004–2005: Korean researcher Hwang Woo-Suk claims to have created several human embryonic stem cell lines from unfertilised human oocytes. The lines were later shown to be fabricated.
•2005: Researchers at Kingston University in England claim to have discovered a third category of stem cell, dubbed cord-blood-derived embryonic-like stem cells (CBEs), derived from umbilical cord blood. The group claims these cells are able to differentiate into more types of tissue than adult stem cells.
•2005: Researchers at UC Irvine's Reeve-Irvine Research Center are able to partially restore the ability of rats with paralyzed spines to walk through the injection of human neural stem cells.[62]
•August 2006: Mouse Induced pluripotent stem cells: the journal Cell publishes Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka.[63]
•October 2006: Scientists at Newcastle University in England create the first ever artificial liver cells using umbilical cord blood stem cells.[64][65]
•January 2007: Scientists at Wake Forest University led by Dr. Anthony Atala and Harvard University report discovery of a new type of stem cell in amniotic fluid.[66] This may potentially provide an alternative to embryonic stem cells for use in research and therapy.[67]
•June 2007: Research reported by three different groups shows that normal skin cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic state in mice.[68] In the same month, scientist Shoukhrat Mitalipov reports the first successful creation of a primate stem cell line through somatic cell nuclear transfer[69]
•Martin Evans, a co-winner of the Nobel Prize in recognition of his gene targeting work.
•October 2007: Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies win the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their work on embryonic stem cells from mice using gene targeting strategies producing genetically engineered mice (known asknockout mice) for gene research.[70]
•November 2007: Human induced pluripotent stem cells: Two similar papers released by their respective journals prior to formal publication: in Cell by Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka, "Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors",[71] and in Science by Junying Yu, et al., from the research group of James Thomson, "Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells":[72] pluripotent stem cells generated from mature human fibroblasts. It is possible now to produce a stem cell from almost any other human cell instead of using embryos as needed previously, albeit the risk of tumorigenesis due to c-myc and retroviral gene transfer remains to be determined.
•January 2008: Robert Lanza and colleagues at Advanced Cell Technology and UCSF create the first human embryonic stem cells without destruction of the embryo[73]
•January 2008: Development of human cloned blastocysts following somatic cell nuclear transfer with adult fibroblasts[74]
•February 2008: Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse liver and stomach: these iPS cells seem to be more similar to embryonic stem cells than the previously developed iPS cells and not tumorigenic, moreover genes that are required for iPS cells do not need to be inserted into specific sites, which encourages the development of non-viral reprogramming techniques.[75]
•March 2008-The first published study of successful cartilage regeneration in the human knee using autologous adult mesenchymal stem cells is published by clinicians from Regenerative Sciences[76]
•October 2008: Sabine Conrad and colleagues at Tübingen, Germany generate pluripotent stem cells from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis by culturing the cells in vitro under leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) supplementation.[77]
•30 October 2008: Embryonic-like stem cells from a single human hair.[78]
•1 March 2009: Andras Nagy, Keisuke Kaji, et al. discover a way to produce embryonic-like stem cells from normal adult cells by using a novel "wrapping" procedure to deliver specific genes to adult cells to reprogram them into stem cells without the risks of using a virus to make the change.[79][80][81] The use ofelectroporation is said to allow for the temporary insertion of genes into the cell.[82][83][84][85]
•28 May 2009 Kim et al. announced that they had devised a way to manipulate skin cells to create patient specific "induced pluripotent stem cells" (iPS), claiming it to be the 'ultimate stem cell solution'.[86]
•11 October 2010 First trial of embryonic stem cells in humans.[87]
•25 October 2010: Ishikawa et al. write in the Journal of Experimental Medicine that research shows that transplanted cells that contain their new host's nuclear DNA could still be rejected by the invidual's immune system due to foreign mitochondrial DNA. Tissues made from a person's stem cells could therefore be rejected, because mitochondrial genomes tend to accumulate mutations.[88]
•2011: Israeli scientist Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun led a team which produced the first stem cells from endangered species, a breakthrough that could save animals in danger of extinction.[89]
• •2001: Scientists at Advanced Cell Technology clone first early (four- to six-cell stage) human embryos for the purpose of generating embryonic stem cells.[60]
•2003: Dr. Songtao Shi of NIH discovers new source of adult stem cells in children's primary teeth.[61]
•2004–2005: Korean researcher Hwang Woo-Suk claims to have created several human embryonic stem cell lines from unfertilised human oocytes. The lines were later shown to be fabricated.
•2005: Researchers at Kingston University in England claim to have discovered a third category of stem cell, dubbed cord-blood-derived embryonic-like stem cells (CBEs), derived from umbilical cord blood. The group claims these cells are able to differentiate into more types of tissue than adult stem cells.
•2005: Researchers at UC Irvine's Reeve-Irvine Research Center are able to partially restore the ability of rats with paralyzed spines to walk through the injection of human neural stem cells.[62]
•August 2006: Mouse Induced pluripotent stem cells: the journal Cell publishes Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka.[63]
•October 2006: Scientists at Newcastle University in England create the first ever artificial liver cells using umbilical cord blood stem cells.[64][65]
•January 2007: Scientists at Wake Forest University led by Dr. Anthony Atala and Harvard University report discovery of a new type of stem cell in amniotic fluid.[66] This may potentially provide an alternative to embryonic stem cells for use in research and therapy.[67]
•June 2007: Research reported by three different groups shows that normal skin cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic state in mice.[68] In the same month, scientist Shoukhrat Mitalipov reports the first successful creation of a primate stem cell line through somatic cell nuclear transfer[69]
•Martin Evans, a co-winner of the Nobel Prize in recognition of his gene targeting work.
•October 2007: Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies win the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their work on embryonic stem cells from mice using gene targeting strategies producing genetically engineered mice (known asknockout mice) for gene research.[70]
•November 2007: Human induced pluripotent stem cells: Two similar papers released by their respective journals prior to formal publication: in Cell by Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka, "Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors",[71] and in Science by Junying Yu, et al., from the research group of James Thomson, "Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells":[72] pluripotent stem cells generated from mature human fibroblasts. It is possible now to produce a stem cell from almost any other human cell instead of using embryos as needed previously, albeit the risk of tumorigenesis due to c-myc and retroviral gene transfer remains to be determined.
•January 2008: Robert Lanza and colleagues at Advanced Cell Technology and UCSF create the first human embryonic stem cells without destruction of the embryo[73]
•January 2008: Development of human cloned blastocysts following somatic cell nuclear transfer with adult fibroblasts[74]
•February 2008: Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse liver and stomach: these iPS cells seem to be more similar to embryonic stem cells than the previously developed iPS cells and not tumorigenic, moreover genes that are required for iPS cells do not need to be inserted into specific sites, which encourages the development of non-viral reprogramming techniques.[75]
•March 2008-The first published study of successful cartilage regeneration in the human knee using autologous adult mesenchymal stem cells is published by clinicians from Regenerative Sciences[76]
•October 2008: Sabine Conrad and colleagues at Tübingen, Germany generate pluripotent stem cells from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis by culturing the cells in vitro under leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) supplementation.[77]
•30 October 2008: Embryonic-like stem cells from a single human hair.[78]
•1 March 2009: Andras Nagy, Keisuke Kaji, et al. discover a way to produce embryonic-like stem cells from normal adult cells by using a novel "wrapping" procedure to deliver specific genes to adult cells to reprogram them into stem cells without the risks of using a virus to make the change.[79][80][81] The use ofelectroporation is said to allow for the temporary insertion of genes into the cell.[82][83][84][85]
•28 May 2009 Kim et al. announced that they had devised a way to manipulate skin cells to create patient specific "induced pluripotent stem cells" (iPS), claiming it to be the 'ultimate stem cell solution'.[86]
•11 October 2010 First trial of embryonic stem cells in humans.[87]
•25 October 2010: Ishikawa et al. write in the Journal of Experimental Medicine that research shows that transplanted cells that contain their new host's nuclear DNA could still be rejected by the invidual's immune system due to foreign mitochondrial DNA. Tissues made from a person's stem cells could therefore be rejected, because mitochondrial genomes tend to accumulate mutations.[88]
•2011: Israeli scientist Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun led a team which produced the first stem cells from endangered species, a breakthrough that could save animals in danger of extinction.[89]
•
•
Posted by at No comments:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)