Dicember is North East Monsoon season normally drier month in Kedah. Rain normally spill over from east coast of Peninsular. Putrajaya is reported to be misty from one of facebook friend.It is probably changing rain front line abnormally move inland. Kedah may experience the same for the year.
Today ,15
4.29 p.m :First half minute it drizzel than it increased in intensity for the next ten minute. Run off flow steadily increased.(high intensity rainfall lasted for 11 mins)
4.44 p.m : It changes to driszzel (lasted for 4minutes)
4.48 p.m : It increased to moderate intensity for 3 minutes
4..56 p.m :intensity change to moderate dirzzel
5.02 p.m : drizzel (3minutes)
5.15 p.m : run off still runing
5.35 p.m : no more run off
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| 10 minutes high intensity rain gave runn off on roadside |
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| Run off |
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| Run off with silt load |
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| Run off with silt load |
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| Rain Subsides and run off cease |
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| Tank rises more than 6 inches due 40mm rain for half an hour In a standar USLE run off plot would result at least 180litre run off considering some percentage of infliteration seepage. Actual volume of water would have been 250 litres |
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| All reserve tank refilled |
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| Dark cloud remain ,it givas drizzel finally 12 hours period yield total 48mm rain. Run of zinc is 64 feet length thus have to make some correction to standard length. |
Rain probably continued throught the late night but not not aware measurement seem to increased to total 48mm (4.29p.m-7.00am 15 Dec 2012). 16 Dec 2012 Morning however bright. It look evening to day will give some more rain.It really gives 45mm rain.The intensity pattern is the same. 17 Dec Morning Cloudy b
ut no rain in the evening and it brightens as day ends.Half of it eveporated on the next sunny day and the other half on next day.
RAINFALL IN JANUARY (TIKAM BATU VILLAGE)
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| Wilting Point No No rain for a week water reserve depleted |
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| Earlier December saturated irrigation (2.5 liters) survive well in 10 days without irrigation in present of rain |
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| Saturated Bottle has 60% water(2.5 liters) lasted for 3 days 4 days deficit permenent wilting point for lower leaves |
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| Flood irrigation survive well and better than saturated irrigation for ten days with additional rain |
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| Flood Irrigation much more deficit withoutrain compare to ten days with rain earlier |
 Flooding irrigation deficit after 3 days kill sahllow rooted young plant bigger plant minimally survived in January  Compare to flooding irrigation minor deficit after 10 days with supplement rain in December |
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| With Rain 10 day without watering survive well |
January is Dry month for Kedah there is no rain from 13 Jan to 18 January 2013 untill 22th where there is 0.1mm rain. Heavier rain only came on 24th where the is 3 minute shower followed by 13minute drizell. Rain continues at midnight till morning. However total rain just 25 mm.Evepotranspiration for next two day everporated almost all the as eveporation is about 12mm per day unless the water is collected in resourvour or tank where surface eveporation is reduced due two smaller surface area.
BRUNEI RAINFALL
Brunei's climate is hot and humid. Average annual rainfall is about 2500mm along the coast and over 4000mm in the jungle-cloaked hills of the interior.Average annual rainfall is 2873.9 The wettest months are October, November and December, when average rainfall is over 300mm, while the driest are February and March, when average rainfall is about 130mm. November has the most rainy days, while February and March have the fewest.
Most of Agriculture Develepment area nearer the coast just average annual rainfall peobably around 3000mm however rain intensity is more important than average annual rainfall in factor that causes erosion.Thus using higher value will take into consideration of annomaly which causes flood in 20 Jan 2009 with 148.8 mm rain in 24 hour other major flood in 1962,1999(Temburong) and 2009(Muara and Tutong).
Rainfall factor in culculation of Erosion is R value :R=(9.28Pmm-8838.15)/100 joules/m2 : P (2873.9mm maximum 4000mm) is annual rainfall in mm. Therefor R for Brunei is = 178.3164 maximum will be 282.885
RAIN AND EROSION- USLE
A=RKLSCP
A = average
annual soil loss in the project or farm area.
R = rainfall
erosivity index
K = soil
erodibility factor
L = topographic
factor, L for slope length
S = topographic
factor, S for percent slope
C = a
cropping-management factor
P = conservation
practice factor
R=(9.28Pmm-8838.15)/100 joules/m2 : P is annual rainfall in mm
L=(l meter/22.13 meter) 0.5
S = (65.4 sin2 θ + 45.56 sin θ + 0.065) where θ is the field slope in degrees
K=0.1317{2.1M to power 1.14 (1/1000)(12-OM)+3.25(S-2)+2.5(P-3)/100
K = 0.1317[
2.1M1.14(10-4)(12-OM) + 3.25(S – 2) + 2.5(P – 3)]/100
Where K is
the soil erodibility index (for the United States
M is the product of (% silt + % very fine
sand)(%silt + %very fine sand + %sand)
or (% silt + % very fine sand)(100-Clay)
or (% silt + % very fine sand)(100-Clay)
S is the soil structure value
P is the profile hydraulic permeability
value
P - SOIL PERMEABILITY VALUE
S - SOIL STRUCTURE VALUE
| S value |
|
| 1 | VFine Crumb < 1mm |
| 1 | V fine Granular <1mm |
| 2 | Fine Crumb<2 |
| 2 | fine Granular <2 |
| 3 | Medium Crumb <5 |
| 3 | Medium Granular <5 |
| 3 | V fine SAB/AB<5 |
| 3 | FineSAB/AB<10 |
| 2 | Medium SAB<20 |
| 2 | Coarse SAB<50 |
| 2 | Prismatic |
| 2 | Platy |
| 2 | Massive |
| Pvalue | |
| 1 | Rudua Excessively Drain |
| 2 | Tok Yong Well Drain |
| 2 | Cempaka Somewhat Imperfect |
| 3 | Lating Imperfect |
| 4 | Tepus Somewhat Imperfect |
| 5 | Poor |
| 6 | Binjai Very Poor |
M Field Test
M= (% silt + % very fine sand)(100-Clay)
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